On July 29, 1913, the Treaty of London was signed, marking the conclusion of the London Conference of Ambassadors held between 1912 and 1913.

This conference not only recognized Albania’s independence but also established the borders of present-day Albania. While the decisions thwarted the plans of neighboring states to fully divide Albania, they initially excluded Kosova and parts of Eastern Albania, now known as North Macedonia. The fate of southern territories, such as Çameria, was also addressed.

The conference emerged from the shifting balance of power after the Balkan Wars. The Great Powers resolved Albania’s borders and related issues through their agreements.

With the Ottoman Empire in decline, Albania’s new borders were defined in a way that left out a good part of its historic territory, leading to enduring regional tensions.

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